What Is the Word for Citing Again the Source Before the Last One

Although ideally yous volition cite more than one source in your research newspaper, in that location are times when a single source dominates, and you observe yourself referring to it or quoting it repeatedly.

Does that hateful you have to cite that source in full in a footnote (or endnote) every time?

Good news: y'all don't! (Alert: some instructors might require you to cite in full every time, so be sure to ask before using any of these shortcuts.) In that location are several ways to cite a source repeatedly and save yourself some typing.

(Note: This post assumes y'all are using the notes-bibliography system. If you lot are using the author-appointment system, simply repeat the author and date in parentheses{(Rothfuss 2009)} every time, adding the folio number yous're citing{(Rothfuss 2009, 32)}.)

1. Utilize a shortened form of the citation.

Let'south say you wrote a footnote (or endnote) for this book after you lot quoted from folio 32:

eight. Patrick Rothfuss, The Proper noun of the Wind (New York, NY: DAW Books, 2009), 32.

The next time you lot cite that book (say, in note 12), you can give just the author'due south last name, a shortened title, and the page number:

12. Rothfuss, Name of the Wind, 50.

If Proper noun of the Wind is the but championship by Rothfuss that you cite in your newspaper, you lot tin can get out out the title:

12. Rothfuss, 50.

This kind of shortening is recommended past The Chicago Manual of Style and Turabian'south Manual for Writers, but there are a couple of fifty-fifty faster ways to repeat a citation.

2. Cite the folio number in the text.

Let's go back to your kickoff citation ofThe Proper name of the Wind, where you cited it in full:

8. Patrick Rothfuss, The Name of the Air current (New York, NY: DAW Books, 2009), 32.

If the next source you lot cite is this same volume, you tin just put the new page number in parentheses in the text of your paper. You don't accept to write another notation. Here's a sample paragraph from a newspaper using this format:

Rothfuss uses the discussion innkeeper throughout The Proper name of the Wind.⁸ In some places, he uses information technology because he wants to avoid using the innkeeper's name (50). In other places, he seems to utilize information technology just for diverseness (116, 310).

______

8. Patrick Rothfuss, The Proper noun of the Wind (New York, NY: DAW Books, 2009), 32.

Of import: Page numbers in parentheses in the text always refer to the most recently cited source. You can keep using folio numbers in parentheses as long as y'all're withal citing that source. But as soon as you lot cite a different source, page numbers in the text will switch to the new source.

So let'due south say y'all switch to citing passages from The Slow Regard of Silent Things. When you go dorsum to citing The Name of the Wind, practice you have to write out the whole citation over again?

You don't! You tin can go along to use the shortened author-title-folio (or author-folio) form shown in notation 12 above.

Finally, for the truly lazy in that location is one more mode to avoid typing out those titles.

iii. Use an abbreviation.

This method is usually reserved for sources that recur many times. Let's say your entire newspaper is about The Name of the Wind and you cite specific page numbers on practically every page. In that example, you lot can assign the book an abridgement to use after the first full citation:

8. Patrick Rothfuss, The Proper name of the Air current (New York, NY: DAW Books, 2009), 32. Hereafter abbreviated NW.

Y'all can then apply the abbreviation any time yous refer to the volume, whether in the text of your paper or in another annotation, no matter how many sources y'all cite in between:

One example of this is the way Rothfuss uses the word innkeeper.⁸ In The Tiresome Regard of Silent Things, the give-and-take never appears.⁹ In Wind, he seems to use it just for diverseness (NW, 116, 310).

______

8. Patrick Rothfuss, The Proper name of the Wind (New York, NY: DAW Books, 2009), 32. Hereafter abbreviated NW.

9. Patrick Rothfuss, The Slow Regard of Silent Things (New York, NY: DAW Books, 2014).

Alert: Inquire your instructor before using this method. (You lot knew that.)

4. Use ibid.

Many professional person scholars use the Latin termibid. to mean "the source I cited," but Chicago prefers the use of a brusk citation. Teachers who want you lot to use ibid.volition explain how, or yous can read about it in the notes and bibliography chapter of The Chicago Manual of Style.

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Source: http://cmosshoptalk.com/2015/10/27/how-do-i-cite-the-same-source-many-times/

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